在日外国人数は２４７万人。名古屋市の人口を超え京都府に迫る数字だ。ここ数年はベトナム、中国、ネパールといった国からの流入が多い。２０１５年の１年間に日本へ流入した“実質”移民（１年以上日本に居住している人）の数は約４０万人。独米英に続き、先進国では４番目に多い。
日本は移民を解禁していないというのが政府の公式見解だが、これまでの在留資格に加え、技能実習制度や「留学生３０万人計画」を掲げて受け入れを積極化している。同制度は日本で学術や技術を学び、それを本国で生かすことが目的だが、一面では人手不足を背景に産業界が外国人の労働力を求めていることも事実だ。一部には搾取ともいえる過酷な労働環境も垣間見える。彼らはどこから来て、どこに住み、何をしているのか。在日外国人の現実を広く深くリポートする。
本誌は『週刊東洋経済』２０１８年２月３日号掲載の２８ページ分を電子化したものです。
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